As a specialist onshore finance centre, with full fiscal autonomy arising from Gibraltar’s modern constitutional relationship with the UK, Gibraltar has always been able offer advantageous tax conditions to businesses and individuals alike. Gibraltar’s strong economic performance over the last 30+ years has enabled Gibraltar to offer competitive tax rates in respect of core areas of income for corporates whilst offering extremely competitive rates on personal income tax too. Gibraltar does not levy tax on a variety of sources of income, details of which are set out below.
Page Index:
- Basis of Taxation in Gibraltar
- Income Tax rates in Gibraltar
- Corporation Tax
- Capital Gains Tax
- Estate and Wealth Taxes in Gibraltar
- Gibraltar Double Tax Agreement (‘DTA’) network
- Gaming Duty
- VAT and Customs Duties in Gibraltar
- Stamp Duty
- Gibraltar Tax FAQs
Basis of taxation in Gibraltar
Tax in Gibraltar for ordinarily resident individuals includes all income generated by a trade business or vocation on a worldwide basis. Companies, however, are taxed on a territorial basis, that is only income which is accrued and derived in Gibraltar (with some exceptions) is taxed in Gibraltar. Gibraltar only taxes income. It has no wealth taxes, gift taxes, inheritance tax, capital gains tax, or tax on bank interest.
Income Tax
Income tax in Gibraltar is governed by the provisions of the Income Tax Act 2010. Tax is charged on the income on a worldwide basis of an individual ordinarily resident in Gibraltar from employment or self-employment activities. View tax calculators here.
For individuals, there are currently two systems in place for the assessment of income tax in Gibraltar. The two systems are a traditional allowance-based system and what is referred to as the Gross Income Based System or ‘GIBS’.
What does ‘ordinarily resident’ mean in the context of Gibraltar Income Tax?
For individuals, ‘ordinarily resident’ means an individual who, in any year of assessment is present in Gibraltar for a period of at least 183 days in aggregate or is present in Gibraltar in excess of 300 days in three consecutive years. Non-resident means any person other than a person ordinarily resident.
There is no bar to non-Gibraltar domiciled individuals being tax residents in Gibraltar.
Computation of Tax
The income tax year in Gibraltar runs from 1 July to 30 June and is assessed on the actual basis of income. Assessable income is the aggregate of the taxpayer’s income (other than non-chargeable income). Taxable income is the calculation of assessable income minus allowances as allowed by the chosen scheme as set out above.
Deductions for Personal Relief in 2020/2021
The following allowances are available under the Allowance Based System:
| ALLOWANCE | AMOUNT |
|---|---|
| Personal | £3,455 pa |
| Spouse | £3,455 pa |
| Child Studying Abroad | £1,375 pa |
| Dependent Relative (resident) | £400 pa |
| Dependent Relative (Non-resident) | £250 pa |
| Disabled Individuals | £10,000 pa |
| Single Parent | £5,800 pa |
| Blind Person's | £5,475 pa |
| Age Allowance (single) | £5,685 pa |
| Age Allowance (Married) | £9,190 pa |
| Nursery School | £5,480 pa |
| Medical Insurance | £5,395 pa |
| Home Purchase (Special Deduction) £1,000 max pa | £4,000 |
| Home Purchase Allowance | £13,000 |
The deductions currently allowed in respect of taxpayers under the Gibraltar Income Based System are as follows:
| ALLOWANCE | AMOUNT |
|---|---|
| Mortgage Interest Payments | Up to £1,500 pa |
| Home Purchase Allowance | Up to £7,500 pa |
| Child (first child only) | £1,190 pa |
| Pension Scheme Contributions | £1,500 pa |
| Medical Insurance | £3,000 pa |
Life Assurance and contributions to pensions, etc
An allowance for premiums paid to approved life assurance schemes/pensions, is available in any assessment year up to a maximum of:
the lesser of 20% of the assessable income or £35,000;
To a Personal Pension Scheme or a Retirement Annuity Contract – one seventh of the total assessable income or £35,000;
To an Occupational Pension Scheme – one sixth of the total assessable income; and
To a policy securing a capital sum on death – 7% of the capital sum excluding bonuses.
Mortgage Interest Relief
An allowance is available for all mortgage interest payments incurred for mortgages taken out for the purchase or improvement of property used for a taxpayer’s own personal residential occupation. The allowance is limited to interest payable on the principal sum of a loan and to a maximum of £350,000 pa.
Speak to a tax lawyer
Income Tax rates in Gibraltar
Gross Income Based system tax rates – 2022/2023
Taxpayers on the Gross Income based system will be charged the following on their assessable income:
Individuals with gross assessable income not exceeding £25,000:
- the first £10,000 of assessable income @ 6%
- the next £7,000 @ 20%
- balance @ 28%
Individuals with gross assessable income exceeding £25,000:
- the first £17,000 of assessable income @ 16%
- the next £8,000 @ 19%
- the next £15,000 @ 25%
- the next £65,000 @ 28%
- balance @ 25%
Allowance Based System tax rates
Taxpayers on the Allowance Based Income will be charged the following rated on their taxable income (assessable income minus non-chargeable income):
- the first £4,000 of taxable income @ 14%
- the next £12,000 of taxable income @ 17%
- balance @ 39%
Tax on Pensions
Pensions received by an ordinarily resident individual are also taxable in Gibraltar. Where pension income is sourced outside Gibraltar and taxed in the country of source but is not received in Gibraltar, the income is not taxable in Gibraltar.
Pensions received from pension funds approved by the Commissioner of Income Tax are taxed at 0% in respect of individuals aged 60 or over.
Tax on Dividends
The taxation of dividends is a matter of several provisions. In accordance with the general principles of Gibraltar taxation dividends are taxable in the hands of ordinarily resident individuals unless they are issued by:
- A company quoted on a recognised stock exchange; or
- by companies which do not generate Gibraltar taxable income.
Therefore, a dividend from a quoted company or a company that does not generate income in Gibraltar or pay tax in Gibraltar will be tax free in the hands of an ordinarily resident individual.
Rents, Premiums and other Property Interests
All relevant income arising in respect of property in Gibraltar will be liable to tax in Gibraltar.
Special Statuses
Gibraltar offers two forms of special tax statuses;
Qualifying (Category 2) Individuals, also referred to as CAT2 Status
In order to satisfy the criteria to become a Category 2 individual an individual must comply with the following conditions:
- have available to him/her for his exclusive use approved residential accommodation in Gibraltar for the whole of the year of assessment;
- must provide evidence of sufficient wealth (at the present time £2,000,000);
- must not be resident in Gibraltar and has not been in the previous five years; and
- has applied to the Finance Centre Director and has been issued with a certificate qualifying him as a Category 2 individual.
As updated on 20 July 2021, A CAT 2 individual shall be liable to income tax on the first £105,000 of assessable income only, subject to a minimum payment of £32,000 pa. Locally sourced income will not form part of the special Category 2 status treatment.
High Executive Possessing Specialist Skills ‘HEPSS’ individual
Established to attract talent and top flight executives to Gibraltar, the HEPSS regime requires the Finance Centre Director to be satisfied that the appointment of a HEPSS will ‘promote and sustain economic activity of a particular economic value to Gibraltar and that he/she will earn more than £160,000. Approved HEPSS individuals will pay tax only on the first £120,000 of assessable income, under the Gross Income Based Scheme
Changes announced to the HEPSS regime on 20 July 2021, are subject to transitional provisions which allow those employers/employees in possession of a HEPSS certificate for formerly qualifying employees to be grandfathered for two years, allowing for changes to conditions to be negotiated and implemented.
New tax on passive income for non-Gibraltar nationals resident in Gibraltar
In June 2022, the Chief Minister of Gibraltar announced that from 1 July 2022, non-Gibraltar nationals resident in Gibraltar, not in possession of a CAT 2 or HEPSS certificate, or in ‘true third party employment’ would pay tax on all savings, pension and other passive income. This measure was admitted to being in the nature of a penalty designed to tackle those ‘not paying their way’. On that basis then, all those affected can apply for CAT 2/HEPSS status to avoid the application of this new measure.
Corporation Tax
Corporation tax in Gibraltar is charged on the income accruing in or derived from Gibraltar, on the profits or gains of a company or trust from any trade or business corporation.
The Gibraltar corporation tax rate is 12.5%
As a signatory to the OECD and G7’s International Tax Reform agenda as widely covered in June 2021, Gibraltar’s move to increase corporation tax to 12.5% was described by the Chief Minister as a measure designed to pre-empt what was described as the likelihood that the world would soon be moving to a minimum tax rate of 15%.
The new rate of 12.5% remains subject to exceptions that apply in respect of utilities and/or companies enjoying a dominant position in the local market– these entities pay income tax at 20%.
Startup incentive schemes are available which enable companies to make significant savings in the first three financial years of operation.
On 28 June 2022, the Government announced the imposition of a new Company Covid Recovery fee of £25 per week for two years commencing 1 July 2022. The measure will lapse on 30 June 2024. The charge will be levied by Companies House as part of the annual return.
Further Corporate Tax incentives announced on 20 July 2021
New allowances designed to incentivise investment in employment, training, capital assets and marketing apply in Gibraltar from 20 July 2021:
Investment in Employment – An allowance of 50% of the fixed salary cost of every employee employed after 20 July 2021;
Investment in Training – Businesses that invest in qualifying training under s.16 Part IV of Schedule 3 of the Income Tax Act, will see the allowance increase to 60% of the investment;
Investment in Marketing – all businesses investing in marketing will be awarded an additional deduction amounting to 50% of the marketing costs. In effect, a company spending £1,000 on marketing will receive an allowance of £1,500. As of 28 June 2022, the incentive for Investment in Marketing was terminated with immediate effect.
Capital Allowances – the capital allowances for plant & machinery and IT equipment will increase from £30,000 and £50,000 to £60,000 and £100,000 respectively. Where P&M expenditure exceeds £60,000, the allowance will be the greater of £60,000 or 50% of the expenditure incurred.
Speak to a tax lawyer
Interest and Dividends
Interest from institutional deposits is not subject to tax, however, intercompany interest is taxable if annual interest from a single loan (subject to anti-avoidance measures) exceeds £100,000.
Company to company dividends are free of tax.
Capital Gains Tax
There is no Capital Gains tax in Gibraltar.
Estate and Wealth Taxes in Gibraltar
Estate Duty/Inheritance Tax
No Estate Duty or Inheritance tax is payable in Gibraltar.
Wealth Tax
There is no Wealth tax in Gibraltar for either individuals or companies.
Gibraltar Double Tax Agreement (‘DTA’) network
Double Tax Treaties
Gibraltar has a Double Taxation Agreement with the UK– further details of the impact and consequences are available as Grahame Jackson discusses the UK Gibraltar Double Taxation Agreement. The Gibraltar UK double tax treaty entered into force on 24 March 2020, following ratification. The framework of this, and other treaties, provides greater clarity for international businesses structuring their tax affairs and allows them to do so in a manner that is wholly transparent and aligned to international tax principles.
Gibraltar-Spain Tax Treaty
In 2018, the UK and Spain entered a Tax Treaty in respect of taxation between Gibraltar and Spain which was subsequently ratified during 2020 in UK, Gibraltar and in Spain. The treaty contains rules as to the residence of individuals and companies located in Gibraltar that interact with Spain. Tax Partner, Grahame Jackson, discusses the detail of the Gibraltar Spain Tax Treaty here. The Tax treaty between the UK and Spain in relation to Gibraltar came into force on 4 March 2021. The first reciprocal exchange of information contemplated by the Treaty was conducted in June 2021. Further, as contemplated by the Treaty, the Government of Gibraltar confirmed (during the Chief Minister’s budget address on 20 July 2021) that certifications issued by the Gibraltar Tax Authorities had already been recognised by a regional tax court in Andalucia, formally accepting thereby that tax paid in Gibraltar can be set off against tax due in Spain.
Unilateral relief on Foreign Taxes paid
The Gibraltar Government offers unilateral relief on income in respect of which tax has been paid in another jurisdiction, on condition such income is sourced in the other jurisdiction.
Gaming Duty
Gaming Duty is currently charged at the following rates in accordance with the Gambling (Duties and Licensing Fees) regulations 2018
| DUTY | RATE | EXEMPTION |
|---|---|---|
| General Betting Duty | 0.15% | The first £100,000 of the operator’s gross betting profit on bet receipts in each year |
| Betting Intermediary Duty | 0.15% | The first £100,000 of the operator’s gross profit on betting event revenues in each year |
| General Gaming Duty | 0.15% | The first £100,000 of the operator’s gross gaming yield on gaming receipts in each year |
Digital Tax Office Services
The development of the services offered digitally by the Gibraltar Income Tax Office has been accelerated by the impact of the Covid pandemic, allowing for a greater digital interaction in the context of the administration of tax in Gibraltar. The rollout of a Digital File Management System assists the Income Tax Office and facilitates retrieval and review of documents. Payments of tax are now managed via an online user portal which is helping to streamline the process. As of July 2021, the Government is up to date to tax year 19/20 in the context of tax refunds.
VAT and Customs Duties in Gibraltar
No VAT is levied in Gibraltar. Import Duty is applicable to goods entering Gibraltar at varying rates. Specific advice should be taken if you plan to import goods to Gibraltar.
Stamp Duty
Stamp duty is payable in Gibraltar on both real property and in respect of capital transactions.
Capital Transactions
The stamp duty payable on transactions relating to either share or loan capital is levied at a flat rate of £10 (ten pounds sterling).
Transfer and/or sale of property in Gibraltar
In relation to transactions relating to real property in Gibraltar, stamp duty is payable in respect of transfers and/or sales of property in Gibraltar and in respect of mortgages secured on property in Gibraltar:
First and second time buyers
| Value of Transaction | Stamp Duty Payable (%) |
|---|---|
| Up to £260,000 | Nil |
| Amount above £260,000 to £350,000 | 5.5 |
| Amount above £350,000 | 3.5 |
All other buyers
| Value of Transaction | Stamp Duty Payable (%) |
|---|---|
| Up to £200,000 | Nil |
| Between £200,000 and £350,000 | 2% on first £250,000 + 5.5% on balance |
| Over £350,000 | 3% on first £350,000 + 3.5% on balance |
Stamp duty on transfers of property between spouses is NIL
Stamp Duty on Mortgages
| Value of Transaction | Stamp Duty Payable (%) |
|---|---|
| Mortgages up to £200,000 | 0.13% |
| Mortgages over £200,000 | 0.2% on total amount of mortgage |
Stamp duty on sale or transfer of ‘affordable housing’
The sale or transfer of property originally developed as affordable housing by the Government of Gibraltar is subject to the payment of stamp duty at a flat rate of 7.5% where the sale/transfer occurs during the first ten years following the original purposes. Payment of the affordable housing stamp duty may be waived by Government, on application, in circumstances of forced sale, divorce of the property owners and other extenuating circumstances.
Gibraltar Tax FAQs
- Is Gibraltar a Tax Haven?
-
No. Gibraltar is a specialist onshore finance centre which has, for many years now, complied with all its international obligations on compliance and tax information exchange. Gibraltar is an OECD white-listed jurisdiction which, in addition, was deemed ‘largely compliant’ by the OECD Global Forum in the latest Peer Review of tax information exchange carried out by a team of expert assessors from the Forum. This places Gibraltar on a par with the USA, Germany, the UK and Spain. The review included an on-site visit to Gibraltar by a Global Forum assessment team in 2019. Further information on this can be reviewed here. In addition to the international obligations, Gibraltar was and will remain fully compliant with all relevant European Directives on financial services despite its departure from the EU. Gibraltar, its government and the professional fraternity, remains committed to the adoption and implementation of the highest standards of regulation in financial services, as it has always done, and will continue to do so post-Brexit.
- Is Gibraltar tax free?
-
Gibraltar is not a ‘no-tax’ jurisdiction – it is a ‘low-tax’ jurisdiction. Gibraltar is a self-governing overseas territory with full constitutional power to levy taxes. Gibraltar offers a competitive tax environment in both the personal and the corporate context. Personal taxes are low across the board, with an effective rate of income tax of only 25% (27% for a period of two years from 1 July 2022 as a response to Covid expenditures) on all incomes up to £500,000. All companies in Gibraltar pay only 12.5% tax on profits. However, Gibraltar has no wealth tax, no inheritance tax, no capital gains tax and no tax is payable on what is deemed ‘passive income’ (subject to provisions relating to non-Gibraltarian residents not in posession of a CAT2/HEPSS certificate, or otherwise in ‘true third party’ employment), which includes pension income.
- Do you pay tax if you work in Gibraltar?
-
Yes. If you work and you generate income in Gibraltar, that income is subject to tax calculated on rates relevant to the particular tax payer. Gibraltar levies tax based on where the income arises and not on the basis of residency. Where a cross-border worker works in Gibraltar and lives in Spain, for example, the Treaty between the U.K. and Spain in relation to tax in Gibraltar applies such that Spanish tax residents working in Gibraltar will be required to pay the difference between the tax payable in Gibraltar and the tax payable in Spain.
- Does Gibraltar tax foreign income?
-
No and Yes. Gibraltar only taxes income that accrues in or derives from Gibraltar. Tax on non-Gibraltar source income is therefore not generally payable in Gibraltar, and that extends to non-residents who may generate some income in Gibraltar, as long as they do not trade in Gibraltar for more than 30 days a year.
Those deemed ordinarily resident in Gibraltar, pay tax in Gibraltar on their worldwide income.
- How do I become a tax resident in Gibraltar?
-
As a general rule, for the purposes of income tax in Gibraltar, ‘ordinarily resident’ means an individual who, irrespective of whether such an individual is domiciled in Gibraltar or otherwise, in any year of assessment is present in Gibraltar for a period of at least 183 days in aggregate or is present in Gibraltar in excess of 300 days in three consecutive years. ‘Non-resident’ means any person other than a person ordinarily resident.
- What is the rate of Corporate tax in Gibraltar
-
The corporate rate of tax in Gibraltar is 12.5%. Corporation tax in Gibraltar is charged on the income accruing in or derived from Gibraltar, on the profits or gains of a company or trust from any trade or business. The rate of 12.5% is subject to exceptions that apply in respect of utilities and/or companies enjoying a dominant position in the local market– these entities pay income tax at 20%.
- What Capital Gains Tax is payable in Gibraltar?
-
None. Capital Gains Tax is not payable in Gibraltar.
Get Expert Advice
Talk to our expert Gibraltar tax lawyers today and find out more about how we can help you to make the most of the Gibraltar regime. Find out more here.